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The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Earth Stations located on 
board Trains, which have the following characteristics:

External Mounted Equipment, EME 
Enclosure / Radome 
Antenna 
LNB
HPA
Internal Mounted Equipment, IME 
Stabilization & Tracking 
Mechanism 
Radio 
Antenna 
Control 
Figure 1: EST System Overview  
Modem 
Internal 
CMF 
On-Train 
Services 
Interface 
• The EST may transmit and receive data when the train is in motion and also when the train is stationary. 
• The EST operates in a railway environment and, therefore, may be subject to occasional disturbances and 
interruptions in the satellite link. 
• The EST is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the distribution 
and/or exchange of information. 
• The EST is comprised of all the equipment, electrical and mechanical, from the antenna itself to the interface 
with other communications equipment on a train (usually referred to as the terrestrial interface). 
• The EST transmits on single carrier in the frequency range 14,00 GHz to 14,25 GHz, which is allocated to the 
Mobile Satellite Service (Earth-to-space), as secondary service. 
• The EST receives in one or more frequencies within the range from 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz.  
• The EST uses linear or circular polarization. 
• The EST is designed to operate through a geostationary satellite (or a cluster of co-located geostationary 
satellites) that is at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite operating in the same frequencies and 
over the same coverage area. 
• The EST transmits at elevations greater than or equal to 7° relative to the local horizon. 
• The EST is designed for unattended operation. 
• The EST is controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope of 
the present document. 
The present document applies to the EST with its ancillary equipment and its various telecommunication ports, and 
when operated within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile as defined for the intended use of the 
EST and when installed as required by the defined intended use of the EST or in the user documentation. 
ETSI 
10
Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
NOTE:  The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of 
Directive 2014/53 [i.12] is given in annex A. 

The present document describes the principles for powering of Telecommunications Equipment (TE) in access 
networks (both traditional copper based and Next Generation fibre and/or hybrid based) and contains requirements for 
the powering systems, laying down: 
• the characteristics of the input and output interfaces of the power units; the recommendations for TE power 
protection, also regarding network integrity and public services availability requirements; 
• the management data, necessary to guarantee the required availability of the network and provided public 
services and to ensure the maintenance of the TE power units. 
The present document takes into account the innovative characteristics of fibre-based access network equipment and 
considers the intrinsic limitations of local power plants and power distribution when ICT equipment is installed inside 
telecom centre, local exchanges, street cabinets or inside buildings: it goes from "complete integration of the power 
plant in the TE" to "remote power feeding from a distant power plant". 
The present document provides detailed information in annex A on the improved reliability of public electric power grid 
and on the improved reliability and availability of new fibre-based NGA network. It should be considered that, for street 
cabinet TE, the local power scenario is common, and, in that case, the main power supply availability characteristics are 
mainly based on electrical energy provider's performance. 
The present document applies to the powering of all equipment of the access network (copper, fibre or radio networks) 
located inside or outside telecommunications centres or local exchanges, differentiating the applicable and sustainable 
power protection requirements. The access network is defined as the part of the telecommunications network, which 
comprises the network termination (passive or active) that is installed inside customer premises and the first exchange 
that can be also the broadband local exchange.